Articles | Volume 67, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-67-163-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-67-163-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Effect of olive leaf incorporation in animal feed on broiler turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) growth performance, welfare, oxidative status, and blood and biochemical serum parameters
Ahmed Sadoudi
Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
deceased, 29 March 2024
Asma Ait-Kaki
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, M'Hamed Bougara University, 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
Yuva Bellik
Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University, 34000 Bordj Bou Arreridj, Algeria
Leghel Touazi
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Ferhat Abbas University of Setif, El Bez, 19000 Setif, Algeria
Krimou Yahi
Office of hygiene of Azeffoun, Commune d'Azeffoun, 15010 Tizi Ouzou, Algeria
Mokrane Iguer-Ouada
Associated Laboratory in Marine Ecosystems and Aquaculture, Department of Biological Sciences of the Environment, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Béjaïa, 06000 Béjaïa, Algeria
Jean-Luc Hornick
Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Department of Veterinary Management of Animal Resources, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Animal Facilities, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Related authors
No articles found.
Soumaya Boukrouh, Fadoua Karouach, Soufiane El Aayadi, Bouchra El Amiri, Jean-Luc Hornick, Abdelaziz Nilahyane, and Abdelaziz Hirich
Arch. Anim. Breed., 69, 101–115, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-69-101-2026, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-69-101-2026, 2026
Short summary
Short summary
Microalgae have been explored as protein supplements for dairy cows, but results vary. This study assessed their effects using meta-analysis, considering factors like species, inclusion level, and breed. Microalgae reduced dry matter intake but improved fiber digestibility. Milk fat decreased, yet C18:2 c9t11 and C22:6 n-3 increased. Schizochytrium sp. boosted C22:6 n-3, and Holstein–Friesian cows reduced saturated fatty acids, supporting microalgae as a sustainable feed supplement.
Soumaya Boukrouh, Ihssane Mnaouer, Poliana Mendes de Souza, Jean-Luc Hornick, Abdelaziz Nilahyane, Bouchra El Amiri, and Abdelaziz Hirich
Arch. Anim. Breed., 68, 223–238, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-68-223-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-68-223-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
This study explored the benefits of adding microalgae to goat diets. Our analysis, based on data from multiple studies, demonstrated that microalgae enrich goat milk by increasing its protein, fat, and beneficial fatty acid contents. Besides offering healthier dairy products for consumers, our meta-analysis confirms that microalgae can be a sustainable and eco-friendly supplement to traditional feeds.
Soumaya Boukrouh, Ali Noutfia, Nassim Moula, Claire Avril, Julien Louvieaux, Jean-Luc Hornick, Jean-François Cabaraux, and Mouad Chentouf
Arch. Anim. Breed., 67, 481–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-67-481-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-67-481-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
This study assessed the effects of incorporating underutilized bitter vetch and sorghum grains on the performance of local goats. While growth parameters were unaffected, sorghum grains lowered carcass mesenteric fat and increased back lightness. Regarding meat quality, sorghum decreased ash, C18:2 n-6, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), while bitter vetch decreased protein but increased C18:3 n-3. Bitter vetch and sorghum grains can be incorporated into fattening diets for goat kids.
Cited articles
Ahmed, A. M., Rabii, N. S., Garbaj, A. M., and Abolghait, S. K.: Antibacterial effect of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extract in raw peeled undeveined shrimp (Penaeus semisulcatus), Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med., 2, 53–56, 2014.
Ait-Kaki, A., Diaw, M. T, Geda, F., and Moula, N.: Effects of Artemisia herba-alba or olive leaf (Olea europaea) powder supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield, and blood biochemical parameters in broilers, Vet. World., 11, 1624–1629, 2018.
Al-Harthi, M.: The effect of olive cake, with or without enzymes supplementation, on growth performance, carcass characteristics, lymphoid organs and lipid metabolism of broiler chickens, Braz. J. Poult. Sci., 19, 83–90, 2017.
Alves, E., Melo, T., Barros, M. P., Domingues, M. R. M., and Domingues, P.: Lipidomic Profiling of the Olive (Olea europaea L.) Fruit towards Its Valorisation as a Functional Food: In-Depth Identification of Triacylglycerols and Polar Lipids in Portuguese Olives, Molecules, 24, 2555, https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142555, 2019.
Welfare Quality®: Welfare Quality® Assessment protocol for poultry, Lelystad, the Netherlands, Welfare Quality® Consortium, ISBN: 9789078240068, 2009.
Andreadou, I., Iliodromitis, E. K., Mikros, E., Constantinou, M., Agalias, A., Magiatis, P., and Kremastinos, D. T.: The olive constituent oleuropein exhibits anti-ischemic, antioxidative, and hypolipidemic effects in anesthetized rabbits, J. Nutr., 136, 2213–2219, 2006.
Benavente-Garcia, O., Castillo, J., Lorente, J., and Ortun, A.: Antioxidant activity of phenolics extracted from Olea europaea L. leaves, Food Chem., 68, 457–462, 2000.
Bouaziz, M. and Sayadi, S.: Isolation and evaluation of antioxidants from leaves of a Tunisian cultivar olive tree, Eur. J. Lipid. Sci. Technol., 107, 497–504, 2005.
Botsoglou, E., Govaris, A., Moulas, A., and Botsoglou, N.: Oxidative stability and microbial growth of turkey breast fillets during refrigerated storage as influenced by feed supplementation with olive leaves, oregano and/or α–tocopheryl acetate, Br. Poult. Sci., 51, 760–768, 2010.
Cayan, H. and Erener, G.: Effect of Olive Leaf (Olea europaea) Powder on Laying Hens Performance, Egg Quality and Egg Yolk Cholesterol Levels, Asian Australas, J. Anim. Sci., 28, 538–543, 2015.
Christaki, E. E. B.: Effect of dietary supplementation of olive leaves and/or – tocopheryl Acetate on performanceand egg quality of laying Japanese Quail, Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6, 1241–1248, 2011.
Coni, E., Di Benedetto, R., Di Pasquale, M., Masella, R., Modesti, D., Mattei, R., and Carlini, E. A.: Protective effect of oleuropein, an olive oil biophenol, on low density lipoprotein oxidizability in rabbits, Lipids, 35, 45–54, 2000.
de Oliveira, C. O., Roll, A. A. P., Medeiros Gonçalves, F. M., Lopes, D. C. N., and Xavier, E. G.: pomace for the feeding of commercial poultry: effects on performance, meat and eggs quality, haematological parameters, microbiota and immunity, J. World's Poult. Sci., 77, 363–376, https://doi.org/10.1080/00439339.2021.1894409, 2021.
Devasagayam, T. P. A., Boloor, K. K., and Ramasarma, T.: Methods for estimating lipid peroxidation: an analysis of merits and demerits, Indian J. Biochem. Bio., 40, 300–308, 2003.
Erener, G., Ocak, N., Ozturk, E., Cankaya, S., Ozkanca, R., and Altop, A.: Evaluation of olive leaf extract as a growth promoter on the performance, blood biochemical parameters, and caecal microflora of broiler chickens, Rev. Bras. Zootec., 49, 1–11, 2020.
Eichner, G., Vieira, S. L., Torres, C. A., Coneglian, J. L. B., Freitas, D. M., and Oyarzabl, O. A.: Litter moisture and footpad dermatitis as affected by diets formulated on an all-vegetable basis or having the inclusion of poultryby-product, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 16, 344–350, 2007.
El-Damrawy, S. Z., Khalifah, M. M., and Fares, W. A.: Dietary olive leaf and antioxidative status in chickens performance, some physiological traits and immunological responses of mandarah chicks supplemented olive leaves powder in their diets, Egypt. Poult. Sci., 33, 279–287, 2013.
El-hakim, A. S. A., Cherian, G., and Ali, M. N.: Use of Organic Acid, Herbs and Their Combination to Improve the Utilization of Commercial Low Protein Broiler Diets, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 8, 14–20, 2009.
Erener, G., Ocak, N., Ozturk, E., Cankaya, S., Ozkanca, R., and Altop, A.: Evaluation of olive leaf extract as growth promoter on the performance, blood biochemical parameters, and caecal microflora of broiler chickens, Rev. Bras. Zootec., 49, e20180300, https://doi.org/10.37496/rbz4920180300, 2020.
FAWC: Economics and Farm Animal Welfare, Farm Animal Welfare Committee, http://www.defra.gov.uk/fawc/ (last access: 27 July 2021), 2011.
Feliachi, K.: Rapport National sur les Ressources Génétiques Animales: Algérie, Bureau de Ressources Génétiques, Alger, FAO, https://www.fao.org/3/a1250e/annexes/CountryReports/Algeria.pdf (last access: 2 April 2023), 2003.
Ferrah, A., Yahiaoui, S., Kaci, A., and Kabli, L.: Les races de petits elevages (aviculture, cuniculture, apiculture, pisciculture), Biodiversité Importante Pour l'Agriculture, MATE-GEF/PNUD Projet ALG/97/G31., 3, 52–60, 2003.
Govaris, G., A., Botsoglou, E., Moulas, A., and Botsoglou, N.: Effect of dietary olive leaves and rosemary on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of turkey breast during refrigerated storage, S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 40, 145–155, 2010.
Gonzalez-Alvarado, J. M., Jiménez-Moreno, E., Lazaro, R., and Mateos, G. G.: Effect of Type of Cereal, Heat Processing of the Cereal, and Inclusion of Fiber in the Diet on Productive Performance and Digestive Traits of Broilers, Poult. Sc. Association Inc., 86, 1705–1715, 2007.
Halbouche, M., Mouats, A., Belhadi, A., Homrani, A., and Didi, M.: Ponte, Reproduction et Développement Sexuel Chez la dinde Domestique (Meleagris Gallopavo) en Algérie, Influence du Phénotype et du Niveau Protéique des Aliments, Eur. J. Sci., 47, 473–83, 2010.
Jabri, J., Kacem, H., Yaich, H., Abid, K., Kamoun, M., Rekhis, J., and Malek, A.: Effect of Olive leaves extract supplementation in drinking water on zootechnical performances and cecal microbiota balance of broiler chickens, J. New. Sci., 4, 69–75, 2017.
Jensen, P. and Toates, F. M.: Who needs “behavioural needs” Motivational aspects of the needs of animals, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 37, 161–181, 1993.
Jemai, H., Bouaziz, M., Fki, I., El, A., and Sayadi, S.: Hypolipidimic and antioxidant activities of oleuropein and its hydrolysis derivative-rich extracts from Chemlali olive leaves, Chem. Biol. Interact., 176, 88–98, 2008.
Kaukonen, E., Norring, M., and Valros, A.: Effect of litter quality on foot pad dermatitis, hock burns and breast blisters in broiler breeders during the production period, Avian. Pathol., 45, 667–673, 2016.
Khemakhem, I., Ahmad-Qasem, M. H., Catalán, E. B., Micol, V., García-Pérez, J. V., Ayadi, M. A., and Bouaziz, M.: Kinetic improvement of olive leaves' bioactive compounds extraction by using power ultrasound in a wide temperature range, Ultrason. Sonochem., 34, 466–473, 2017.
Kiritsakis, K., Kontominas, M., Kontogiorgis, C., Hadjipavlou-Litina, D., Moustakas, A., and Kiritsakis, A.: Composition and antioxidant activity of olive leaf extracts from Greek olive cultivars, J. Am. Oil. Chem. Soc., 87, 369–76, 2010.
Krautwald-Junghanns, M. E., Ellerich, R., Mitterer-Istyagin, H., Ludewig, M., Fehlhaber, K., Schuster, E., and Bartels, T.: Examinations on the prevalence of footpad lesions and breast skin lesions in British United Turkeys Big 6 fattening Turkeys in Germany, Part I: Prevalence of footpad lesions, Poult. Sci., 90, 555–560, 2011.
Kočevar, N., Glavač, I., and Kreft, S.: Chemistry and Biological Activities of Flavonoids: An Overview, Farm. Vestn., 58, 145–148, 2013.
Krzeminski, R., Gorinstein, S., Leontowicz, H., Leontowicz, M., Gralak, M., Czerwinski, J., and Trakhtenberg, S.: Effect of different olive oils on bile excretion in rats fed cholesterol-containing and cholesterol-free diets, J. Agric. Food. Chem., 51, 5774–5779, 2003.
Lins, P. G., Marina, S., Pugine, P., Antonio, M., and Pires de Melo, M.: In-vitro antioxidant activity of olive leaf extract (Olea europaea L.) and its protective effect on oxidative damage in human erythrocytes, Heliyon, 4, e00805, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00805, 2018.
Manca, P., Alenka, L., Janez, S., and Vida, R. : Effect of the supplementation of olive leaves and olive cake on growth performance and bone mineralisation of broiler chickens, Act. Fytotechn. Zootechn., 23, 105–111, 2020.
Markhali, F. S., Teixeira, J. A., and Rocha, C. M. R.: Olive Tree Leaves-A Source of Valuable Active Compounds, Processes, 8, 1177, https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091177, 2020.
Moudache, M., Colon, M., Nerin, C., and Zaidi, F.: Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of olive by-products and antioxidant film containing Olive Leaf extracts, Food Chem., 212, 521–527, 2016.
Nafea, H. H. and Hussein, M. M.: Effect of adding different levels of olive leaf powder to the diet on the production performance and some physiological characteristics of broilers, J. Res. Ecol., 473, 2176–2184, 2018.
Orak, H. H., Isbilir, S. S., and Yagar, H.: Determination of antioxidant properties of lyophilized olive leaf water extracts obtained from 21 different cultivars, Food. Sci. Biotechnol., 21, 1065–1074, 2012.
Parsaei, S., Amini, Z., and Houshmand, M.: Effects of Olive Leaf on Blood Metabolites and Humoral Immunity Response of Broiler Chickens, Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res., 2, 741–751, 2014.
Prasad, K. and Kalra, J.: Oxygen free radicals and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis: effect of vitamin E, Am. Heart J., 125, 958–973,1993.
Platel, K. and Srinivasan, K.: Influence of dietary spices and their active principles on pancreatic digestive enzymes in albino rats, Food/Nahrung, 44, 42–46, 2000.
Paiva-Martins, F., Barbosa, S., Pinheiro, V., Mourão, J. L., and Outor-Monteiro, D.: The effect of olive leaves supplementation on the feed digestibility, growth performances of pigs and quality of pork meat, Meat. Sci., 82, 438–443, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2009.02.014, 2009.
Poernama, F., Subramanian, R., Cook, M. E., and Attie, A. D.: High Density Lipoprotein Deficiency Syndrome in Chickens Is Not Associated with an Increased Susceptibility to Atherosclerosis, Arterioscler. Thromb., 12, 601–607, 1992.
Raayaa, E., Omar, J. M. A., and Othman, R. A.: Utilization of Olive Pulp Broiler Rations, An-Najah University, J. Res., 15, 133–144, 2001.
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., and Rice-Evans, C.: Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Free. Radica. Biol. Med., 9, 1231–1237, 1999.
Sarica, Ş. and Ürkmez, D.: Verwendung vonTraubenkern-, Olivenblätter- und Granatapfelschalenextrakten in Broilerfutterrationen als Alternative, natürliche antimikrobielle Futterzustätze, Eur. Poult., 80, 1–13, 2016.
Sarica, S. and Toptas, S.: Effects of dietary oleuropein supplementation on growth performance serum lipid concentrations and lipid oxidation of Japanese quails, J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 98, 1176–1186, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12192, 2014.
Sateri, S., Seidavi, A., Bouyeh, M., Neumann, P., Kutzler, M., Laudadio, V., Loperfido, F., and Tufarelli, V.: Effect of olive meal and supplemental enzymes on performance traits, blood biochemistry, humoral immunity response and caecal microbiota of broilers, S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 47, 804–812, 2017.
Sayehban, P., Seidavi, A., Dadashbeiki, M., Ghorbani, A., Araújo, W. A. G., Durazzo, A., Lucarini, M., Gabrielli, P., Omri, B., Albino, L. F. T., Souto E. B., and Santini, A.: Olive Pulp and Exogenous Enzymes Feed Supplementation Effect on the Carcass and Offal in Broilers: A Preliminary Study, Agriculture, 10, 359, https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10080359, 2020.
Scheele, C. W., Van Der Klis, J. D., Kwakernaak, C., Buys, N., and Decuypere, E.: Haematological characteristics predicting susceptibility for ascites, 1. High carbon dioxide tensions in juvenile chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 44, 476–483, 2003.
Scheele, C. W., Van Der Klis, J., Kwakernaak, C., Buys, N., and Decuypere E.: Hematological characteristics predicting susceptibility for ascites, 2. High hematocrit values in juvenile chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 44, 484–489, 2013.
Shafey, T. M., Almufarij, S. I., and Albatshan, H. A.: Effect of Feeding Olive Leaves on the Performance, Intestinal and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chickens, Int. J. Agr. Biol., 15, 585–589, 2013.
Shepherd, E. M. and Fairchild, B. D.: Footpad dermatitis in poultry, Poult. Sci., 89, 2043–2051, 2010
Varmaghany, S., Rahimi, S., Karimi Torshizi, M. A, Lotfollahian, H., and Hassanzadeh, M.: Effect of olive leaves on ascites incidence, hematological parameters and growth performance in broilers reared under standard and cold temperature conditions, Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 185, 60–69, 2013.
Vickers, N. J.: Animal Communication: When I'm Calling You, Will You Answer Too?, Curr. Biol., 27, R713–R715, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.064, 2017.
Yeniçeri, M., Gül Filik, A., and Filik, G.: The effect of olive wastes for poultry feed on growth performance of broilers: A review, J. Glob. Innov. Agric Sci., 9, 163–166, 2021.
Zangeneh, S. and Torki, M.: Effects of B – Mannanase Supplementing of Olive Pulp-Included Diet on Performance of Laying Hens, Egg Quality Characteristics, Humoral and Cellular Immune Response and Blood Parameters, Glob. Vet., 7, 391–398, 2011.
Short summary
The potential of olive leaves was investigated by comparing two rates of dietary incorporations, 3 % and 6 %, of olive leaves into the three commercial feeds corresponding to the three growth phases, during 15 weeks of rearing. This work highlights the interest of using the locally available ingredients in order to reduce the production costs of turkey meat in Algeria and, above all, to reduce the dependence of the poultry industry on imports in general.
The potential of olive leaves was investigated by comparing two rates of dietary incorporations,...