The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TP53 in buffalo lactation. The data showed that buffalo TP53 inhibited the expression of genes related to milk protein and milk fat in buffalo mammary epithelial cells by inhibiting the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway. These results suggest that TP53 negatively regulates the synthesis of milk protein and milk fat in buffalo through the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway. This study provides new insights into the functional role of TP53 in buffalo lactation.

Finding polymorphisms of genes can provide potential molecular genetic markers for sheep reproduction. This study investigated the polymorphisms of three major reproductive genes (BMPR1B, BMP15 and GDF9) in Chinese sheep and found that BMPR1B and GDF9 might be the major genes influencing the reproductive performance of Chinese sheep breeds. This result might contribute to improving the prolificacy traits of native Chinese sheep in the future.

In this study, GLUD1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed in early-puberty goats and delayed-puberty goat breeds by sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The present study aimed to find genetic markers related to sexual precocity and high fertility in goats and to provide a scientific basis for marker-assisted early selection of reproductive performance.

The Kilis goat has emerged as a breed with a unique genetic profile that reflects its complex ancestry due to historical crossbreeding between the Damascus and Hair goat populations in Türkiye. The Kilis goat is well adapted to arid areas and is known for its high milk yield. Therefore, it holds great potential for milk production and genetic improvement programs in Türkiye. For this reason, some genes that affect milk yield were investigated.

With the rapid development of sequencing technology, it has been found that circRNAs play an important role in skeletal muscle development. During the growth and development of livestock, the growth and development of muscle fibers are closely related to the number, proliferation, and differentiation capacity of skeletal muscle satellite cells, thereby affecting meat quality. Notably, more and more studies now suggest that changes in circRNA expression may be associated with meat quality.

IPB-D2 chickens are one of the local Indonesian chickens that are being developed today. IPB-D2 chickens have disease-resistant traits. Selection is not only carried out conventionally but is also developed by molecular selection methods. By utilizing gene diversity in the major histocompatibility complex gene group, it was found that there were several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the B Locus Beta 2 gene significantly associated with immunoglobulin Y concentrations in IPB-D2 chickens.