The objective of this study was to clarify the interaction between postpartum endometritis and cystic ovarian disease (COD) in Japanese Black cattle. The prevalence of endometritis increased in cows with COD. The percentage of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in smears is high in cows with COD at 40–60 d postpartum. The results suggest that Japanese Black cattle with COD have potential implications for endometritis at 40–60 d postpartum compared to the cows with normal ovarian cycle.

We tested whether prostragladin (PG) injection on day 30 pp and detection of estrus can affect the efficacy of injection on days 5 and 6 in the TAI protocol compared to the Cosynch protocol. The proportion of cows in estrus on the day of TAI was higher than those that received two PGs than those cows that received one PG. Treatments with PG on days 5 and 6 after the first GnRH injection increased P/AI.

In our study, we attempted to introduce a new device for optimizing sperm-mediated gene transfer. We utilized X-tremeGENE™ HP reagent from the Roche company in bovines, and one-third of total spermatozoa were transfected. We also examined the effect of DMSO on increasing the efficiency of the sperm/DNA transfer to oocytes via IVF. We examined these two reagents in bovine spermatozoa for the first time, which can be considered as the novelty of our work together with its originality.

Milk coagulation properties and major mineral contents in Pinzgauer dual-purpose cattle breed were characterized. The dataset consisted of 7763 milk observations from 851 cows reared in 60 herds in the Alpine area of Bolzano province (Italy). Our results showed that Pinzgauer breed produced milk with better coagulation properties and mineral content, from a technological point of view, in first than later parities and in early than late lactation.

Developmental changes in testicular parameters and their association with plasma triiodothyronine (T₃), thyroxine (T₄), and testosterone in male Murrah buffaloes were determined. Plasma T₄ and testosterone increased significantly with age. Plasma T₄ levels were positively correlated with testicular parameters and plasma testosterone, whereas plasma T₃ was not associated with either. This study demonstrated the developmental and steroidogenic effects of thyroid hormones on the testis.