Recombination generates genetic variation and thus affects selection efficiency. Using immunolocalization of recombination proteins at the spermatocytes of males of six chicken breeds, we revealed high recombination rates in the roosters belonging to modern cross-breeds and low recombination rates in those belonging to ancient local breeds. Apparently, the recombination rate decreases over generations due to a decrease in genetic heterogeneity driven by inbreeding and artificial selection.