Articles | Volume 58, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-425-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-425-2015
© Author(s) 2015. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Original study
| 
25 Nov 2015
Original study |
| 25 Nov 2015
Comparison of the effects of basil (Ocimum basilicum) essential oil, avilamycin and protexin on broiler performance, blood biochemistry and carcass characteristics
S. R. Riyazi
Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
S. A. Hosseini
Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran
A. Meimandipour
Animal Biotechnology Department, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
A. Ghorbani
Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, East Azerbaijan, Iran
Related authors
No articles found.
Mohammad Ghasemi-Sadabadi, Yahya Ebrahimnezhad, Abdolahad Shaddel-Tili, Vahid Bannapour-Ghaffari, Hashem Kozehgari, and Mirmojtaba Didehvar
Arch. Anim. Breed., 62, 361–374, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-361-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-361-2019, 2019
Mehdi Salmanzadeh, Yahya Ebrahimnezhad, Habib Aghdam Shahryar, and Jamshid Ghiasi Ghaleh-Kandi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 59, 235–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-235-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-235-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Effect of in ovo feeding of glutamine on hatchability, performance of broilers. Fertilized eggs were subjected to injections with glutamine (10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mg dissolved in 0.5 mL of dionized water) on day 7 of incubation. These data suggest that the in ovo feeding of Glutamine may improve jejunum development, leading to an increased nutrient assimilation and consequently to greater performance in broiler chickens.
Farhad Fallah, Yahya Ebrahimnezhad, Naser Maheri-Sis, and Mohammad Ghasemi-Sadabadi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 59, 191–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-191-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-191-2016, 2016
Related subject area
Subject: Nutrition | Animal: Birds
Improved biological value of eggs due to the addition of pomegranate seed oil to laying-hen diets
Capsanthin supplementation modulates the immune response in broiler chickens under Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge
Effects of dietary thyme and rosemary essential oils on performance parameters with lipid oxidation, water activity, pH, colour and microbial quality of breast and drumstick meats in broiler chickens
Growth performance, carcass yield and characteristics, meat quality, serum biochemistry, jejunal histomorphometry, oxidative stability of liver and breast muscle, and immune response of broiler chickens fed natural antioxidant alone or in combination with Bacillus licheniformis
Dietary strategies to alleviate high-stocking-density-induced stress in broiler chickens – a comprehensive review
Dietary supplementary glutamine and L-carnitine enhanced the anti-cold stress of Arbor Acres broilers
The effects of fermented milk products (kefir and yogurt) and probiotic on performance, carcass characteristics, blood parameters, and gut microbial population in broiler chickens
Effect of a low-energy and enzyme-supplemented diet on broiler chicken growth, carcass traits and meat quality
The effect of polyphenols and vitamin E on the antioxidant status and meat quality of broiler chickens fed low-quality oil
Methionine supplementation improves reproductive performance, antioxidant status, immunity and maternal antibody transmission in breeder Japanese quail under heat stress conditions
The effect of herbal feed additive on the growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets
The effect of purslane hydroextract and zinc on performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity of broiler chickens during summer conditions
The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the morphological and biomechanical characteristics of the tibiotarsus in broiler chickens
Effect of dietary supplementation with Rhizopus oryzae or Chrysonilia crassa on growth performance, blood profile, intestinal microbial population, and carcass traits in broilers exposed to heat stress
Effects of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) powder on growth performance, blood indices, and antioxidant status in broiler chickens with triiodothyronine-induced ascites
Effects of nanoencapsulated aloe vera, dill and nettle root extract as feed antibiotic substitutes in broiler chickens
Effects of mannan oligosaccharide and Curcuma xanthorrhiza essential oil on the intestinal morphologyand stress indicators of broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress
Effects of in-yolk-sac administration of carvacrol on cholesterol resorption from yolk residuals and physiological adaptive indicators in broiler chicks exposed to neonatal fasting
The effects of in ovo feeding of glutamine in broiler breeder eggs on hatchability, development of the gastrointestinal tract, growth performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens
The effect of different levels of diet total volatile nitrogen on performance, carcass characteristics and meat total volatile nitrogen in broiler chickens
Improving the fatty acid profile in egg yolk through the use of hempseed (Cannabis sativa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and turmeric (Curcuma longa) in the diet of Hy-Line White Leghorns
Effects of γ-aminobutyric acid on the tissue structure, antioxidant activity, cell apoptosis, and cytokine contents of bursa of Fabricius in chicks under heat stress
Heat shock protein 70 mRNA expression and immune response of heat-stressed finishing broilers fed propolis (bee glue) supplementation
Effects of dietary soybean and sunflower oils with and without L-carnitine supplementation on growth performance and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chicks
Acidic stress caused by dietary administration of citric acid in broiler chickens
Application of sumac and dried whey in female broiler feed
Effects of the level and duration of feeding restriction on carcass components of broilers
Şaziye Canan Bölükbaşı, Büşra Dumlu, and Aycan Mutlu Yağanoğlu
Arch. Anim. Breed., 66, 121–129, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-66-121-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-66-121-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The addition of 1 mL kg−1 pomegranate seed oil (PSO) to feeds improved performance. The addition of PSO had a positive effect on shelf life, and it increased punicic acid and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) levels without reducing egg quality.
Brigitta Csernus, Csaba Szabó, Renáta Knop, Reda Gebrehaweria Kidane, Sawadi Fransisco Ndunguru, Gabriella Gulyás, Xénia Erika Ozsváth, and Levente Czeglédi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 66, 103–111, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-66-103-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-66-103-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The application of antibiotics is being regulated continuously. Therefore, natural agents are being investigated that aim to strengthen the defense system of poultry. In our study, capsanthin was applied to investigate its effect on immune response under lipopolysaccharide immunization. Based on our results, capsanthin decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines at both mRNA and protein levels, which suggest the positive effects of capsanthin during inflammation in broiler chickens.
Recep Gumus and Sevda U. Gelen
Arch. Anim. Breed., 66, 17–29, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-66-17-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-66-17-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This study was aimed at determining the effects of different doses of thyme essential oil (TEO) and rosemary essential oil (REO) incorporated into broiler rations on performance parameters, including body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate, as well as on the quality criteria of breast and drumstick meat. As a result, dietary supplementation with TEO and REO was determined to have a limited effect on performance parameters but to improve the microbial quality of meat.
Umair Ahsan, Shahram Golzar Adabi, Özge Sayın Özdemir, Ömer Sevim, Onur Tatlı, Eren Kuter, and Özcan Cengiz
Arch. Anim. Breed., 65, 183–197, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-183-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-183-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Phytogenics emerged as a substitute of in-feed antibiotics following the ban on their use at subtherapeutic levels in poultry diets. However, the effects of phytogenics have been uncertain in studies conducted so far. Combined use of phytogenics and probiotics may be effective in this regard. In a nutshell, this study shows that combined use of phytogenics and Bacillus licheniformis possess the potential to improve oxidative stability of breast meat and immune response of broiler chickens.
Sugiharto Sugiharto
Arch. Anim. Breed., 65, 21–36, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-21-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-65-21-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Stocking broilers at a high density has been a strategy to optimize the area of the cage. If the environment and rearing management are not properly managed, stocking broilers at a high density may, however, result in stressful conditions that are harmful for the production and health of broilers. To ameliorate these unfavourable effects of overcrowding stress, dietary interventions using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, herbs, vitamins, etc. have been conducted.
Yang Liu, Yuying Yang, Ruizhi Yao, Yajie Hu, Peng Liu, Shuai Lian, Hongming Lv, Bin Xu, and Shize Li
Arch. Anim. Breed., 64, 231–243, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-231-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-64-231-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The purpose of our study was to investigate whether glutamine and L-carnitine could be used as anti-cold stress nutrients to alleviate the adverse effects of cold stress on newborn broilers. Broilers were respectively fed with different levels of glutamine and L-carnitine according to the L16 (45) orthogonal experimental design for 3 weeks. Their interaction occurred and improved the growth performance, nutritional status and cold stress response of broilers at low temperature.
Mohammad Ghasemi-Sadabadi, Yahya Ebrahimnezhad, Abdolahad Shaddel-Tili, Vahid Bannapour-Ghaffari, Hashem Kozehgari, and Mirmojtaba Didehvar
Arch. Anim. Breed., 62, 361–374, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-361-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-361-2019, 2019
Elsayed O. S. Hussein, Gamaleldin M. Suliman, Alaeldein M. Abudabos, Abdullah N. Alowaimer, Shamseldein H. Ahmed, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Mahmoud Alagawany, Ayman A. Swelum, Antonella Tinelli, Vincenzo Tufarelli, and Vito Laudadio
Arch. Anim. Breed., 62, 297–304, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-297-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-297-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluated the impact of a low metabolizable energy diet supplemented with a multienzyme blend on the growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of chickens. From findings, the low metabolizable energy supplemented with the enzyme complex did not influence most of performance parameters and carcass traits of chickens; however, adding enzymes to a low-energy diet is an effective strategy to improve the meat quality criteria and small intestine characteristics.
Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek, Zofia Antoszkiewicz, Krzysztof Lipiński, Joanna Kaliniewicz, and Sylwia Kotlarczyk
Arch. Anim. Breed., 62, 287–296, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-287-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-287-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Increased dietary inclusion levels of vitamin E and/or polyphenols improved the antioxidant status of broilers fed low-quality oil. Dietary supplementation with vitamin E and/or polyphenols improved meat quality by better colour, higher concentrations of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, hypocholesterolemic fatty acids and a lower atherogenicity index. Polyphenols combined with vitamin E can be a valuable component of diets for broiler chickens when the problem of low-quality oil occurs.
Omid Kalvandi, Amirali Sadeghi, and Ahmad Karimi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 62, 275–286, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-275-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-275-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Dietary supplementation with either 1.15, 1.30 or 1.45 times the Met requirements (as NRC recommendation) in breeder quails can alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress and improve the performance, reproduction, antioxidant status and immunity, as well as maternal antibody transmission. Supplementation of diet with 1.30 times the Met requirements could be used as a nutritional strategy in breeder quails for the alleviation of the adverse effects of heat stress.
Krzysztof Lipiński, Zofia Antoszkiewicz, Sylwia Kotlarczyk, Magdalena Mazur-Kuśnirek, Joanna Kaliniewicz, and Zbigniew Makowski
Arch. Anim. Breed., 62, 33–40, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-33-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-62-33-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Herbs and herbal feed additives are a valuable component in broiler chicken diets, affecting, e.g., health status, productivity and meat quality. In our study a herbal formula was applied in broiler chickens fed lower energy concentration diets. An interaction between experimental factors was not found, although a gainful effect on the productivity was noticed in broiler chickens fed diets with a herbal formula.
Rojin Kazemi, Ardashir Sheikhahmadi, and Ghorbanali Sadeghi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 61, 365–371, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-365-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-365-2018, 2018
Bayram Suzer, Ilker Arican, Derya Yesilbag, and Huseyin Yildiz
Arch. Anim. Breed., 60, 439–446, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-439-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-439-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study focused on examining the effects of different levels of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on broiler tibiotarsus traits and the reduction of leg problems by identifying the pathological changes in the leg skeletal system. Yeast supplementation led to an improvement in the bone traits of broiler chickens. Therefore, the use of yeast as a feed supplement in broilers is considered an economic and convenient way of providing animal welfare and preventing commercial losses due to leg problems.
Sugiharto Sugiharto, Turrini Yudiarti, Isroli Isroli, Endang Widiastuti, and Fatan Dwi Putra
Arch. Anim. Breed., 60, 347–356, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-347-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-347-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Fungal supplementation especially with the fungus C. crassa could improve antioxidant status and physiological conditions of heat-stressed broilers. Such dietary supplementation may, therefore, be beneficial for ameliorating the adverse effects of heat stress in broiler chickens.
Mahmood Habibian, Ghorbanali Sadeghi, and Ahmad Karimi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 60, 315–325, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-315-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-315-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Ascites is a metabolic disorder in chickens. Hypoxemia and oxidative stress are specific characteristics in birds that develop ascites. We hypothesized that purslane, as one natural source of antioxidant and antihypoxic compounds, would attenuate the incidence and/or severity of T3-induced ascites in broilers. Supplementation of purslane powder to diet improved antioxidant status and attenuated the symptoms of ascites. However, it could not prevent the decrease in growth performance.
Amir Meimandipour, Ali Nouri Emamzadeh, and Ali Soleimani
Arch. Anim. Breed., 60, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-1-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-60-1-2017, 2017
Seyed Mohammad Hosseini, Hasan Nazarizadeh, Saeede Ahani, and Masoume Vakili Azghandi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 59, 285–291, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-285-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-285-2016, 2016
Mir Hasan Beiranvand, Heshmatollah Khosravinia, Arash Azarfar, and Ezatollah Rafiei Alavai
Arch. Anim. Breed., 59, 249–257, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-249-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-249-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The results of this study revealed that in-yolk-sac administration of carvacrol, as the main phenolic monoterpen in Satureja khuzestanica, had no effect on the rate of cholesterol absorption from yolk sac residuals in neonate commercial broiler chicks. This finding suggests that the hypocholesterolemic activity of carvacrol in broiler chicks might be exerted through other mechanisms rather than reduced cholesterol absorption and deserves further investigation.
Mehdi Salmanzadeh, Yahya Ebrahimnezhad, Habib Aghdam Shahryar, and Jamshid Ghiasi Ghaleh-Kandi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 59, 235–242, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-235-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-235-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Effect of in ovo feeding of glutamine on hatchability, performance of broilers. Fertilized eggs were subjected to injections with glutamine (10, 20, 30, 40 or 50 mg dissolved in 0.5 mL of dionized water) on day 7 of incubation. These data suggest that the in ovo feeding of Glutamine may improve jejunum development, leading to an increased nutrient assimilation and consequently to greater performance in broiler chickens.
Farhad Fallah, Yahya Ebrahimnezhad, Naser Maheri-Sis, and Mohammad Ghasemi-Sadabadi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 59, 191–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-191-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-191-2016, 2016
Tausif Raza, Naila Chand, Rifat Ullah Khan, Muhammad Suhaib Shahid, and Alaeldein M. Abudabos
Arch. Anim. Breed., 59, 183–190, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-183-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-183-2016, 2016
Zhong Chen, Yong-Wei Zhou, Chen Liang, Ying-Ya Jiang, and Li-Jin Xie
Arch. Anim. Breed., 59, 97–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-97-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-59-97-2016, 2016
S. M. Hosseini, M. Afshar, S. Ahani, and M. Vakili Azghandi
Arch. Anim. Breed., 58, 407–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-407-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-407-2015, 2015
S. M. A. Jalali, R. Rabiei, and F. Kheiri
Arch. Anim. Breed., 58, 387–394, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-387-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-387-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Dietary plant oil sources and supplementation with L-carnitine have interaction effects on the physiological response and growth performance of broiler chicks. Addition of L-carnitine to diets which contained soybean oil showed the best growth performance of chicks in comparison to sunflower oil mixes.
R. Nourmohammadi and H. Khosravinia
Arch. Anim. Breed., 58, 309–315, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-309-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-309-2015, 2015
F. Kheiri, Y. Rahimian, and J. Nasr
Arch. Anim. Breed., 58, 205–210, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-205-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-205-2015, 2015
H. Jahanpour, A. Seidavi, A. A. A. Qotbi, R. Van Den Hoven, S. Rocha e Silva, V. Laudadio, and V. Tufarelli
Arch. Anim. Breed., 58, 99–105, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-99-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-58-99-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Abbas, R. J.: Effect of using fenugreek, parsley and sweet basil seeds as feed additives on the performance of broiler chickens, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 9, 278–282, 2010.
Alcicek, A., Bozkurt, M., and Çabuk, M.: The effects of an essential oil combination derived from selected herbs growing wild in Turkey on broiler performance, S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 33, 89–94, 2003.
Azadegan Mehr, M., Hassanabadi, A., Nassiri Moghaddam, H., and Kermanshahi, H.: Supplementation of clove essential oils and probiotic to the broiler's diet on performance, carcass traits and blood components, Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci., 4, 117–122, 2014.
Bolukbasi, S. C., Erhan, M. K., and Kaynar, O.: The effect of feeding thyme, sage and rosemary oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some proteins ratio of egg yolk and Escherichia coli count in feces, Arch. Geflugelkd., 72, 231–237, 2008.
Botsoglou, N. A., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Fletouris, D. J., and Spais, A. B.: Inhibition of lipid oxidation in long-term frozen stored chicken meat by dietary oregano essential oil and á-tocopheryl acetate supplementation, Food Res. Int., 36, 207–213, 2003.
Botsoglou, N. A., Christaki, E., Florou-Paneri, P., Giannenas, I., Papageorgiou, G., Spais, A. B.: The effect of a mixture of herbal essential oils or α- tocopheryl acetate on performance parameters and oxidation of body lipid in broilers, S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 34, 52–61, 2004.
Bozkurt, M., Kucukyilmaz, K., Pamukcu, M., Cabuk, M., Alcicek, A., and Catli, A. U.: Long-term effects of dietary supplementation with an essential oil mixture on the growth and laying performance of two layer strains, Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 11, 23–28, 2012.
Brenes, A. and Roura, E.: Essential oils in poultry nutrition: main effects and modes of action, Anim. Feed. Sci. Technol., 158, 1–14, 2010.
Case, G. L., He, L., Mo, H., Elson, C. E.: Induction of geranyl pyrophosphate pyrophosphatase activity by cholesterol-suppressive isoprenoids, Lipids, 30, 357–359, 1995.
Ceylan, N. and Ciftci, I.: The effects of some alternative feed additives for antibiotic growth promoters on the performance and gut microflora of broiler chicks, Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 27, 727–733, 2003.
Chiang, S. H. and Hsieh, W. M.: Effect of Direct Fed Microorganism on Broiler growth performance and litter ammonia level, Asian. Australas. J. Anim. Sci., 8, 159–162, 1995.
Chowdhury, R., Islam, K. M. S., Khan, M. J., Karim, M. R., Haque, M. N., Khatun, M., and Pesti, G. M.: Effect of citric acid, avilamycin, and their combination on the performance, tibia ash, and immune status of broilers, Poult. Sci., 88, 1616–1622, 2009.
Demir, E., Sarica, S., Ozcan, M. A., and Suicmez, M.: The use of natural feed additives as alternative to an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets, Arch. Geflugelkd., 69, 110–116, 2005.
Dhama, K., Latheef, S. K., Mani, S., Samad, H. A., Karthik, K., Tiwari, R., Khan, R. U., Alagawany, M., Farag, M. R., Alam, G. M., Laudadio, V., and Tufarelli, V.: Multiple beneficial applications and modes of action of herbs in poultry health and production – A review, Int. J. Pharmacol., 11, 152–176, 2015.
Eseceli, H., Demir, E., Degirmencioglu, N., and Bilgic, M.: The effects of Bio-Mos mannan oligosaccharide and antibiotic growth promoter performance of broilers, J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9, 392–395, 2010.
Eslami, M., Baghaei, M., Mamouei, M., Chaji, M., and Ashayerizadeh, A.: Effects of avilamycin, formycingold and FYTO-MIX on serum lipid concentrations of young broilers, J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 9, 108–111, 2010.
Fuller, R.: Probiotics in man and animals, J. Appl. Bacteriol., 66, 365–378, 1989.
Gunal, M., Yayli, G., Kaya, O., Karahan, N., and Sulak, O.: The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 5, 149–155, 2006.
Hanif, M. A., Al-Maskari, Y. M., Al-Maskari, A., Al-Shukaili, A., Al-Maskari, A. Y., and Al-Sabahi, J. N.: Essential oil composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of unexplored Omani basil, J. Med. Plant. Res., 5, 751–757, 2011.
Hernandez, F., Madrid, J., Garcia, V., Orengo, J., and Megias, M. D.: Influence of two plant extracts on broilers performance, digestibility, and digestive organ size, Poult. Sci., 83, 169–174, 2004.
Hosseini, S. A., Naseri, M., Zarai, A., Lotfollahian, H., Riyazi, S. R., and Meimandipour, A.: Effect of lemon oil on gastrointestinal tract, blood parameter and immune responses in broilers, Ann. Biol. Res., 4, 47–51, 2013a.
Hosseini, S. A., Meimandipour, A., Alami, F., Mahdavi, A., Mohiti-Asli, M., Lotfollahian, H., and Cross, D.: Effects of ground thyme and probiotic supplements in diets on broiler performance, blood biochemistry and immunological response to sheep red blood cells, Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 12, 116–120, 2013b.
Khan, R. U., Naz, S., Nikousefat, Z., Tufarelli, V., and Laudadio, V.: Thymus vulgaris: alternative to antibiotics in poultry feed, World Poult. Sci. J., 68, 401–408, 2012.
Lavinia, S., Gabi, D., Drinceanu, D., Steff, D., Daniela, M., Julean, C., Ramona, T., and Corcionivoschi, N.: The effect of medicinal plants and plant extracted oils on broiler duodenum morphology and immunological profile, Rom. Biotech. Lett., 14, 4606–4614, 2009.
Lee, K. W., Everts, H., Kappert, H. J., Frehner, M., Losa, R., and Beynen, A. C.: Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance, digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens, Br. Poult. Sci., 44, 450–457, 2003a.
Lee, K. W., Everts, H., Kappert, H. J., Yeom, K. H., and Beynen, A. C.: Dietary carvacrol lowers body weight gain but improves feed conversion in female broiler chickens, J. Appl. Poultry Res., 12, 394–399, 2003b.
Nunes, R. V., Scherer, C., Pozza, P. C., Eyng, C., Bruno, L. D. G., and Vieites, F. M.: Use of probiotics to replace antibiotics for broilers, Rev. Bras. Zootecn., 41, 2219–2224, 2012.
Nweze, B. O. and Ekwe, O. O.: Growth performance, gut and haemo-microbial study of finishing broilers fed african sweet basil (Ocimum Gratissimum) leaf extract, Ozean. J. Appl. Sci., 5, 185–191, 2012.
Onwurah, F. B., Ojewola, G. S., and Akomas, S.: Effect of basil (Ocimum Basilicum L.) on coccidial infection in broiler chicks, Acad. Res. Int., 1, 438–442, 2011.
Osman, M., Yakout, H. M., Motawe, H. F., and Ezz El-Arab, W. F.: Productive, physiological, immunological and economical effects of supplementing natural feed additives to broiler diets, Egypt. Poult. Sci., 30, 25–53, 2010.
Qureshi, A. A., Din, Z. Z., Abuirmeileh, N., Burger, W. C., Ahmad, Y., and Elson, C. E.: Suppression of avian hepatic lipid metabolism by solvent extracts of garlic: impact on serum lipids, J. Nutr., 113, 1746–1755, 1983.
Sajjadi, S. E.: Analysis of the essential oils of two cultivated basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) from Iran, Daru, 14, 128–130, 2006.
Saleh, A. A.: Nigella seed oil as alternative to avilamycin antibiotic in broiler chicken diets, S. Afr. J. Anim. Sci., 44, 254–261, 2014.
SAS Institute, SAS Users guide: Statistics, Version 9.12. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA, 2005.
Sokovic, M. and van Griensven, L. J. L. D.: Antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their components against the three major pathogens of the cultivated button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus, Eur. J. Plant Pathol., 116, 211–224, 2006.
Toghyani, M., Toghyani, M., Gheisari, A., Ghalamkari, G., and Mohammadrezaei, M.: Growth performance, serum biochemistry and blood hematology of broiler chicks fed different levels of black seed (Nigella sativa) and peppermint (Mentha piperita), Livest. Sci., 129, 173–178, 2010.
Traesel, C. K., Wolkmer, P., Schmidt, C., Silva, C. B., Paim, F. C., Rosa, A. P., Alves, S. H., Santurio, J. M., and Lopes, S. T. A.: Serum biochemical profile and performance of broiler chickens fed diets containing essential oils and pepper, Comp. Clin. Path., 20, 453–460, 2011.
Tukey, J. W.: Comparing individual means in the analysis of variance, Biometrics, 5, 99–114, 1949.
Vahdatpour, T., Nikpiran, H., Babazadeh, D., Vahdatpour, S., and Jafargholipour, M. A.: Effects of Protexin\textsuperscript\textregistered, Fermacto\textsuperscript\textregistered and combination of them on blood enzymes and performance of Japanese quails (Coturnix Japonica), Ann. Biol. Res., 2, 283–291, 2011.
Wellenreiter, R. H., Mowrey, D. H., Stobbs, L. A., and d'Assonville, J. A.: Effects of avilamycin on performance of broiler chickens, Vet. Ther., 1, 118–124, 2000.
Yakhkeshi, S., Rahimi, S., and Gharib Naseri, K.: The effects of comparison of herbal extracts, antibiotic, probiotic and organic acid on serum lipids, immune response, GIT microbial population, intestinal morphology and performance of broilers, J. Med. Plants., 10, 80–95, 2011.
