Bergman, E. N.: Energy contributions of volatile fatty acidsfrom the
gastrointestinal tract in various species, Physiol. Rev., 70, 567–590, 1990.
Blaut, M.: Relationship of prebiotics and food to intestinal microflora,
Eur. J. Nutr., 41, 11–16, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-002-1102-7, 2002.
Bogusławska-Tryk, M., Piotrowska, A., and Burlikowska, K.: Dietary fructans
and their potential beneficial influence on health and performance
parameters in broiler chickens, J. Centr. Eur. Agricul., 13, 272–291,
https://doi.org/10.5513/JCEA01/13.2.1045, 2012.
Bunce, T. J., Howard, M. D., Kerley, M. S., Allee, G. L., and Pace, L. W.:
Protective effect of fructooligosaccharides in prevention of mortality and
morbidity from infectious E. coli K: 88 challenge, J. Anim. Sci.,
73, 69, 1995.
Caetano, B. F. R., de Moura, N. A., Almeida, A. P. S., Dias, M. C., Sivieri,
K., and Barbisan, L. F.: Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) as a Food
Supplement: Health-Promoting Benefits of Fructooligosaccharides, Nutrients,
8, 436, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8070436, 2016.
Campbell, J. M., Fahey Jr., G. C., and Wolf, B. W.: Selected indigestible
oligosaccharides affect large bowel mass, cecal and fecal short-chain fatty
acids, pH and microflora in rats, J. Nutr., 127, 130–136,
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/127.1.130, 1997.
Chang, M., Zhao, Y., Qin, G., and Zhang, X.: Fructo-Oligosaccharide
Alleviates Soybean-Induced Anaphylaxis in Piglets by Modulating Gut
Microbes, Front. Microbiol., 9, 2769, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02769, 2018.
Choi, K. H., Namkrng, H., and Paid, I. K.: Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on the suppression of intestinal colonization of Salmonella typhimurium in broiler chickens, Kor. J. Anim. Sci., 36, 271–284, 1994.
Conway, P. L.: Function and regulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota of
the pig, in: Digestive
Physiology in Pigs, edited by: Souffrant, W.-B. and Hagemeister, H., FBN, Dummerstorf, 231–240, 1994.
Crittenden, R. G. and Playne, M. J.: Production, properties and applications
of foodgrade oligosaccharides, Trends Food Sci. Tech., 7, 353–361, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-2244(96)10038-8, 1996.
De Filippo, C., Cavalieri, D., DiPaola, M., Ramazzotti, M., Poullet, J. B.,
Massart, S., Collini, S., Pieraccini, G., and Lionetti, P.: Impact of diet
in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children
from Europe and rural Africa, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 14691–14696,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1005963107, 2010.
Delgado, G. T., Thomé, R., Gabriel, D. L., Tamashiro, W. M., and Pastore, G.
M.: Yacon (
Smallanthus sonchifolius)-derived fructooligosaccharides improves the immune parameters
in the mouse, Nutr. Res., 32, 884–892, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2012.09.012,
2012.
Demir, E., Sarica, Ş., Özcan, M. A., and Sui\,̧Mez, M.: The use of
natural feed additives as alternatives for an antibiotic growth promoter in
broiler diets, Brit. Poultry Sci., 44, 44–45, https://doi.org/10.1080/713655288, 2010.
Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Costello, E. K., Contreras, M., Magris, M., Hidalgo,
G., Fierer, N., and Knight, R.: Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and
structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in
newborns, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 11971–11975, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1002601107, 2010.
Eberhard, M., Hennig, U., Kuhla, S., Brunner, R. M., Kleessen, B., and Metges,
C. C.: Effect of inulin supplementation on selected gastric, duodenal, and
caecal microbiota and short chain fatty acid pattern in growing piglets,
Arch. Anim. Nutr., 61, 235–246, https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390701431631, 2007.
Estrada, A., Drew, M. D., and Van Kessel, A.: Effect of the dietary
supplementation of fructooligosaccharides and
Bifidobacterium longum to early-weaned pigs on
performance and fecal bacterial populations, Can. J. Anim. Sci., 81,
141–148, https://doi.org/10.4141/a00-037, 2001.
Flickinger, E. A., Van Loo, J., and Fahey Jr., G. C.: Nutritional responses
to the presence of inulin and oligofructose in the diets of domesticated
animals: A review, Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 43, 19–60,
https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690390826446, 2003.
Fukata, T., Sasai, K., Miyamoto, T., and Baba, E.: Inhibitory effects of
competitive exclusion and fructo-oligosaccharide, singly and in combination,
on
Salmonella colonization of chicks, J. Food Protect., 62, 229–233,
https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.3.229, 1999.
Gibson, G. R. and Roberfroid, M. B.: Dietary modulation of the human colonic
microbiota: introducing the concept of prebiotics, J. Nutr., 125, 1401,
https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.6.1401, 1995.
Gibson, G. R., Probert, H. M., Van Loo, J., Rastall, R. A., and Roberfroid, M.
B.: Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota: updating the concept
of prebiotics, Nutr. Res. Rev., 17, 259–275, https://doi.org/10.1079/NRR200479, 2004.
He, G., Baidoo, S. K., Yang, Q., Golz, D., and Tungland, B.: Evaluation of
chicory inulin extracts as feed additive for
early-weaned pigs, J. Anim. Sci., 80, 81, 2002.
Herich, R., Révayová, V., Levkut, M., Bomba, A., Nemcová, R.,
Guba, P., and Gancarčiková, S.: The effect of Lactobacillus
paracasei and Raftilose P95 upon the non-specific immune response of
piglets, Food Agric. Immunol., 14, 171–179, https://doi.org/10.1080/09540100220145000e,
2002.
Hidaka, H., Eida, T., Takizawa, T., Tokunaga, T., and Tashiro, Y.: Effects of
Fructooligosaccharides on Intestinal Flora and Human Health, Bif. Micr., 5,
37–50, https://doi.org/10.12938/bifidus1982.5.1_37, 1986.
Houdijk, J. G. M., Hartemink, R., Verstegen, M. W. A., and Bosch, M.:
Effects of Dietary Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides on Microbial
Characteristics of Ileal Chyme and Faeces in Weaner Pigs, Arch. Anim. Nutr.,
56, 297–307, https://doi.org/10.1080/00039420214346, 2002.
Inman, C. F., Harris, C., Haverson, K., and Miller, B.: The mucosal immune
system of the neonatal piglet, Pig J., 55, 211–222, 2005.
Jacela, J. Y., De Rouchey, J. M., and Tokach, M. D.: Feed additives for swine:
Fact sheets – prebiotics and probiotics, and phytogenics, J. Swine Health
Prod., 18, 132–136, https://doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7067, 2010.
Jensen, B. B. and Jørgensen, H.: Effect of dietary fiber on microbial
activity and microbial gas production in various regions of the
gastrointestinal tract of pigs, Appl. Environ. Microb., 60, 1897–1904,
1994.
Kaplan, H. and Hutkins, R. W.: Fermentation of Fructooligosaccharides by
Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria, Appl. Environ.
Microb., 66, 2682–2684, https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.6.2682-2684.2000, 2000.
Khodambashi Emami, N., Samie, A., Rahmani, H. R., and Ruiz-Feria, C. A.: The
effect of peppermint essential oil and fructooligosaccharides, as
alternatives to virginiamycin, on growth performance, digestibility, gut
morphology and immune response of male broilers, Anim. Feed Sci. Tech., 175,
57–64, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev275, 2012.
Kim, H. C., Park, J., and Kim, M.: Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty
Acids, T Cells, and Inflammation, Immune Netw., 14, 277–288,
https://doi.org/10.4110/in.2014.14.6.277, 2014.
Kleessen, B., Hartman, L., and Blaut, M.: Oligofructose and long-chain inulin:
influence on the gut microbial ecology of rats associated with the human
faecal flora, Brit. J. Nutr., 86, 291–300, https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN2001403, 2001.
Le Bourgot, C., Ferret-Bernard, S., Le Normand, L., Savary, G.,
Menendez-Aparicio, E., Blat, S., Appert-Bossard, E., Respondek, F., and Le
Huërou-Luron, I.: Maternal Short-Chain
Fructooligosaccharide Supplementation Influences Intestinal Immune System
Maturation in Piglets, PLoS ONE, 9, e107508,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107508, 2014.
Le Bourgot, C., Ferret-Bernard, S., Blat, S., Apper, E., and Le
Huërou-Luron, I.: Short-chain fructooligosaccharide supplementation
during gestation and lactation or after weaning differentially impacts pig
growth and IgA response to influenza vaccination, J. Funct. Food,
24, 307–315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.04.018, 2016.
Le Bourgot, C., Le Normand, L., Formal, M., Respondek, F., Blat, S., Apper,
E., Ferret-Bernard, S., and Le Huërou-Luron, I.: Maternal
short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide supplementation increases intestinal
cytokine secretion, goblet cell number, butyrate concentration and
Lawsonia intracellularis humoral vaccine response in weaned pigs, Brit. J. Nutr., 117, 83–92, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516004268, 2017.
Le Bourgot, C., Ferret-Bernard, S., Apper, E., Taminiau, B., Cahu, A., Le
Normand, L., Respondek, F., Le Huërou-Luron, I., and Blat, S.: Perinatal
short-chain fructooligosaccharides program intestinal microbiota and improve
enteroinsular axis function and inflammatory status in high-fat diet-fed
adult pigs, Faseb J., 33, 301–313, https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201800108R, 2019.
Liu, X., Zheng, J., and Zhou, H.: TLRs as pharmacological targets for
plant-derived compounds in infectious and inflammatory diseases, Int.
Immunopharmacol., 10, 1451–1456, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2011.04.027, 2011.
Loh, G., Eberhard, M., Brunner, R. M., Hennig, U., Kuhla, S., Kleessen, B., and
Metges, C. C: Inulin Alters the Intestinal Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty
Acid Concentrations in Growing Pigs Regardless of Their Basal Diet
1–3,
J. Nutr., 136, 1198–1202, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.5.1198, 2006.
Ohta, A., Ohtsuki, M., Baba, S., Adachi, T., Sakata, T., and Sakaguchi, E.:
Calcium and Magnesium Absorption from the Colon and Rectum Are Increased in
Rats Fed Fructooligosaccharides, J. Nutr., 125, 2417–2424, https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/125.9.2417, 1995.
Macfarlane, G. T. and Cummings, J. H.: Probiotics and prebiotics: can
regulating the activities of intestinal bacteria benefit health?, Brit. Med. J.,
318, 999–1003, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7189.999, 1999.
Micciche, A. C., Foley, S. L., Pavlidis, H. O., McIntyre, D. R., and Ricke,
S. C.: A Review of Prebiotics Against Salmonella in Poultry: Current and
Future Potential fo
r Microbiome Research Applications, Front. Vet. Sci., 5,
191, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00191, 2018.
Mountzouris, K. C., Balaskas, C., Fava, F., Tuohy, K. M., Gibson, G. R., and
Fegeros, K.: Profiling of composition and metabolic activities of the
colonic microflora of growing pigs fed diets supplemented with prebiotic
oligosaccharides, Anaerobe, 12, 178–185, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2006.04.001,
2006.
Penders, J., Thijs, C., Vink, C., Stelma, F. F., Snijders, B., Kummeling,
I., van den Brandt, P. A., and Stobberingh, E. E.: Factors influencing the
composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy, Pediatre, 118,
511–521, https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-2824, 2006.
Roberfroid, M., Gibson, G. R., and Hoyles, L.: Prebiotic effects: metabolic
and health benefits, Brit J. Nutr., 104, 1–63,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510003363, 2010.
Roberfroid, M. B.: Introducing inulin-type fructans, Brit. J. Nutr., 93, 13–25, https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN20041350, 2005.
Roediger, W. E. W.: Role of anaerobic bacteria in the metabolic welfare of
the colonic mucosa in man, Gut, 21, 793–798, https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.21.9.793, 1980.
Sabater-Molina, M., Larqué, E., Torrella, F., and Zamora, S.: Dietary
fructooligosaccharides and potential benefits on health, J. Physiol.
Biochem., 65, 315–328, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03180584, 2009.
Salminen, S., Bouley, C., Boutron-Ruault, M. C., and Cummings, J. H.:
Functional food science and gastrointestinal physiology and function, Brit. J.
Nutr., 80, 1147–171, https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19980108, 1998.
Shang, Y., Regassa, A., Kim, J. H., and Kim, W. K.: The effect of dietary
fructooligosaccharide supplementation on growth performance, intestinal
morphology, and immune responses in broiler chickens challenged with
Salmonella Enteritidis lipopolysaccharides, Poultry Sci., 94, 2887–2897, https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pev275,
2015.
Shim, S. B.: Effects of prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics in the diet of
young pigs, PhD Thesis, Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen Institute of
Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Wageningen, the
Netherlands, ISBN 9085041937, 2005.
Shim, S. B., Williams, I. H., and Verstegen, M. W. A.: Effects of dietary
fructo-oligosaccharide on villous height and disaccharidase activity of the
small intestine, pH, VFA and ammonia concentrations in the large intestine
of weaned pigs, Acta Agr. Scand. A-An., 55, 91–97,
https://doi.org/10.1080/09064700500307201, 2005.
Singh, R. S., Singh, R. P., and Kennedy, J. F.: Recent insights in enzymatic
synthesis of fructooligosaccharides from inulin, Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 85,
565–572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.026, 2016.
Sissons, J. W.: Potential of probiotic organisms to prevent diarrhea and
promote digestion in farm animals: a review, J.
Sci. Food Agr., 49, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740490102, 1989.
Tolhurst, G., Heffron, H., Lam, Y. S., Parker, H. E., Habib, A. M.,
Diakogiannaki, E., Cameron, J., Grosse, J., Reimann, F., and Gribble, F. M.:
Short-chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion via the
G-protein-coupled receptor FFAR2, Diabetes, 61, 364–371,
https://doi.org/10.2337/db11-1019, 2012.
Tsukahara, T., Iwasaki, Y., Nakayama, K., and Ushida, K.: Stimulation of
Butyrate Production in the Large Intestine of Weaning Piglets by Dietary
Fructooligosaccharides and Its Influence on the Histological Variables of
the Large Intestinal Mucosa, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 49, 414–421,
https://doi.org/10.3177/jnsv.49.414, 2003.
Vandeplas, S., Dubois Dauphin, R., Beckers, Y., Thonart, P., and Théwis, A.:
Salmonella in Chicken: Current and Developing Strategies To Reduce
Contamination at Farm Level, J. Food Protect., 73, 774–785,
https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-73.4.774, 2009.
Van Loo, J., Cummings, J., Delzeene, N., and Englyst, H.: Functional food
properties of non-digestible oligosaccharides: a consensus report for the
ENDO project (DGXII AIRII-CT94-1095), Brit. J. Nutr., 81, 121–132,
https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000252, 1999.
Velez, E., Castillo, N., Mesón, O., Grau, A., Bonet, M. E. B., and
Perdigón, G.: Study of the effect exerted by fructo-oligosaccharides
from yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) root flour in an intestinal infection
model with Salmonella Typhimurium, Brit. J. Nutr., 109, 1971–1979,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114512004230, 2013.
Verdonk, J. M., Shim, S. B., van Leeuwen, P., and Verstegen, M. W.: Application of
inulin-type fructans in animal feed and pet food, Brit. J. Nutr., 93, 125–138,
https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041355, 2005.
Wang, X. and Gibson, G. R.: Effects of the in vitro fermentation of
oligofructose and inulin by bacteria growing on the human large intestine,
J. Appl. Bacteriol., 75, 373–380, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1993.tb02790.x,
1993.
Williams, J., Mallet, S., Leconte, M., Lessire, M., and Gabriel, I.: The
effects of fructo-oligosaccharides or whole wheat on the performance and
digestive tract of broiler chickens, Brit. Poultry Sci., 49, 329–339, https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660802123351, 2009.
Xu, C., Chen, X., Ji, C., Ma, Q., and Hao, K.: Study of the Application of
Fructooligosaccharides in Piglets, Asian Austral. J. Anim., 18,
1011–1016, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2005.1011, 2005.
Xu, Z. R., Zou, X. T., Hu, C. H., Xia, M. S., Zhan, X. A., and Wang, M. Q.:
Effects of Dietary Fructooligosaccharide on Digestive Enzyme Activities,
Intestinal Microflora and Morphology of Growing Pigs, Asian Austral.
J. Anim., 15, 1784–1789, https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2002.1784, 2002.
Xu, Z. R., Hu, C. H., Xia, M. S., Zhan, X. A., and Wang, M. D.: Effects of
dietary fructooligosaccharides on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal
microflora and morphology of male broilers, Poultry Sci., 82, 1030–1036,
https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/82.6.1030, 2003.
Yang, Y., Iji, P. A., and Choct, M.: Dietary modulation of gut microflora in
broiler chickens: a review of the role of six kinds of alternatives to
in-feed antibiotics, World's Poultry Sci. J., 65, 97–114,
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043933909000087, 2009.
Yun, J. W.: Fructooligosaccharides-Occurrence, preparation, and application, Enzyme Microb. Tech., 19, 107–117,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(95)00188-3, 1996.
Yu Wang, M. A., Tao Zeng, M. D., Shu-e Wang, M. A., Wei Wang, M. A., Qian
Wang, M. A., and Hong-Xia Yu, M. A.: Fructo-oligosaccharides enhance the mineral
absorption and counteract the adverse effects of phytic acid in mice, Nutrition, 26, 305–311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2009.04.014, 2010.
Zhao, P. Y., Wang, J. P., and Kim, I. H.: Evaluation of dietary fructan
supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality,
fecal microbial flora, and fecal noxious gas emission in finishing pigs, J.
Anim. Sci., 91, 5280–5286, https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5393, 2013.
Zhao, W., Yuan, M., Li, P., Yan, H., Zhang, H., and Liu, J.: Short-chain
fructo-oligosaccharides enhances intestinal barrier function by attenuating
mucosa inflammation and altering colonic microbiota composition of weaning
piglets, Ital. J. Anim. Sci., 18, 976–986, https://doi.org/10.1080/1828051X.2019.1612286, 2019.
