In this study,  genome-wide genetic variability and footprints of selection were investigated in Turkish Awassi sheep via 397 315 SNPs (single-nucleotide polymorphisms). High genetic variability together with low inbreeding level were observed. Selection signature analyses revealed several genomic regions related to economically important traits (milk and meat yield, lactation, and growth) and adaptation to environmental stressors. These results are of significant potential in designing further conservation and breeding programs.