Articles | Volume 69, issue 1
https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-69-117-2026
https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-69-117-2026
Original study
 | 
17 Feb 2026
Original study |  | 17 Feb 2026

Effect of human interference with maternal behaviour on development and blood biochemical parameters in the first 35 d of calves' life

Marta Iwaszkiewicz, Aurelia Radzik-Rant, Katarzyna Czyż, Anna Wyrostek, and Witold Rant

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Short summary
The study examined the effect of the human handling of newborn calves on their development and immune system efficiency. Holstein-Friesian calves in one group were licked after birth by the mother, whereas the other group were handled by a human. Daily gains were controlled, and blood was collected for protein fractions and complete blood count analysis. The replacement of natural maternal care (licking) of a newborn calf by a human did not adversely affect the development and health of the calf.
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