Akibo, T. E.: Physiological response of broilers to honey and vitamin C in drinking water during hot-dry season, Project report submitted to the Department of Animal Physiology, College of Animal Science and Livestock Production, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria, 522, 2006.
Al-Ghamdi, A., Mohammed, S. A., Ansari, M. J., and Adgaba, N.: Comparison of physicochemical properties and effects of heating regimes on stored
Apis mellifera and
Apis florea honey, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 26, 845–848, 2019.
Al-Kahtani, S. N., Taha, E.-K. A., Khan, K. A., Ansari, M. J., Farag, S. A., Shawer, D. M. B., and Elnabawy, E.-S. M.: Effect of harvest season on the nutritional value of bee pollen protein, PLoS One, 15, e0241393, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241393, 2020.
Al-Kahtani, S. N., Alaqil, A. A., and Abbas, A. O.: Modulation of antioxidant defense, immune response, and growth performance by inclusion of propolis and bee pollen into broiler diets, Animals, 12, 1658, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12131658, 2022.
Al Naggar, Y., Taha, I. M., Taha, E.-K. A., Zaghlool, A., Nasr, A., Nagib, A., Elhamamsy, S. M., Abolaban, G., Fahmy, A., Hegazy, E., Metwaly, K. H., and Zahra, A. A.: Gamma irradiation and ozone application as preservation methods for longer-term storage of bee pollen, Environ. Sci. Poll. Res., https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32801-4, 2024.
Allina, C. C., Poo, L. S., Chan, C. S., Richmond, W., and Fu, P. C.: Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol, J. Clin. Chem., 20, 470–475, 1974.
AOAC: Official methods of analysis, 17th edn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC, USA, ISBN 978-0-935584-67-7, 2000.
Asma, S. T., Bobis, O., Bonta, V., Acaroz, U., Shah, S. R. A., Istanbullugil, F. R., and Arslan-Acaroz, D.: General nutritional profile of bee products and their potential antiviral properties against mammalian viruses, Nutrients, 14, 3579, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14173579, 2022.
Azeredo, L. C., Azeredo, M. A., de Souza, S. R., and Dutra, V. M.: Protein contents and physicochemical properties in honey samples of
Apis mellifera of different floral origins, Food Chem., 80, 249–254, 2003.
Babaei, S., Rahimi, S., Torshizi, M. A., Tahmasebi, G., and Miran, S. N.: Effects of propolis, royal jelly, honey and bee pollen on growth performance and immune system of Japanese quails, Vet. Res. Forum, 7, 13–20, 2016.
Ball, D. W.: The chemical composition of honey, J. Chem. Educ., 84, 1643, https://doi.org/10.1021/ed084p1643, 2007.
Benson, H. J., Gunstream, S. E., and Talaro, K. P.: Anatomy and physiology laboratory text, Win. C. Brown Publisher, Dubuque, IOWA, ISBN 0697086895, 1989.
Bogdanov, S., Jurendic, T., Sieber, R., and Gallmann, P.: Honey for nutrition and health: a review, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 27, 677–689, 2008.
Boussaid, A., Chouaibi, M., Rezig, L., Hellal, R., Donsi, F., Ferrari, G., and Hamdi, S.: Physicochemical and bioactive properti
es of six honey samples from various floral origins from Tunisia, Arab. J. Chem., 11, 265–274, 2018.
Bozdogan Konuskan, D. and Mungan, B.: Effects of variety, maturation and growing region on chemical properties, fatty acid and sterol compositions of virgin olive oils, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 93, 1499–1508, 2016.
Cai, G., Mao, N., Gu, P., Zhu, T., He, J., Peng, S., Yang, Y., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., and Wang, D.: Effects of Alhagi honey polysaccharides as feed supplement on intestine function and microbiome, immune function, and growth performance in chicken, J. Mol. Sci., 23, 14332, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214332, 2022.
Can, Z., Yildiz, O., Sahin, H., Akyuz Turumtay, E., Silici, S., and Kolayli, S.: An investigation of Turkish honeys: their physico-chemical properties, antioxidant capacities and phenolic profiles, Food Chem., 180, 133–141, 2015.
Casquete, R., Castro, S. M., Martín, A., Ruiz-Moyano, S, Saraiva, J. A., Córdoba, M. G., and Teixeira, P.: Evaluation of the effect of high pressure on total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of citrus peels, Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. Technol., 31, 37–44, 2015.
Dosoky, W., Zewel, H., and Farag, S.: Effect of propolis supplementation on performance, immune response, some blood constituents and carcass traits of growing Japanese quail, Egypt J. Anim. Prod., 53, 117–127, 2016.
Eissa, F. and Taha, E.-K. A.: Contaminants in honey: an analysis of EU RASFF notifications from 2002 to 2022, J. Consum. Prot. Food Saf., 18, 393–402, 2023.
El-Deeb, M. A., Abdelnabi, M. A., Galal, A. E., and AbdelKareem, W.: Assessment of feeding date palm pollen and bee pollen on growth performance, carcass characteristics, intestinal development and microbiota of Japanese Quail (
Coturnix japonica), Assiut J. Agric. Sci., 55, 181–196, 2024.
Farag, S. A. and El-Rayes, T. K.: Effect of bee-pollen supplementation on performance, carcass traits and blood parameters of broiler chickens, Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 11, 168–177, 2016.
Farag, S. A., El-Keredy, A., Abd El Gawad, S. A., Swelum, A. A., Tellez-Isaias, G., and Abouzeid, A. E.: Impacts of willow (
Salix babylonica L.) leaf extract on growth, cecal microbial population, and blood biochemical parameters of broilers, Poult. Sci., 103, 103386, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2023.103386, 2024.
Georgia: Water usage and broiler performance, The University of Georgia – Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 13, 2001.
Gül, A. and Pehlivan, T.: Antioxidant activities of some monofloral honey types produced across Turkey, Saudi J. Biol. Sci., 25, 1056–1065, 2018.
Habib, H. M., Al Meqbali, F. T., Kamal, H., Souka, U. D., and Ibrahim, W. H.: Physicochemical and biochemical properties of honeys from arid regions, Food Chem., 153, 35–43, 2014.
Hamed, M. M., El-Faham, A. I., Abd El-Azeem, F., El-Medany, N. M., Nematallah, G. M., Ali, M. A., Abdelaziz, M. A., and Abdelhady, A. Y. M.: The physiological response to bee honey application in broiler chicken diets, Sci. J. Agric. Sci., 1, 87–93, 2019.
Henry, R. J.: Colorimetric determination of serum total protein. Clin. Chem., Harper and Row Publishers, New York, 181, ISBN 978 0061411816, 1964.
Islam, M. R., Pervin, T., Hossain, H., Saha, B., and Hossain, S. J.: Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of honeys from the Sundarbans mangrove forest of Bangladesh, Prev. Nutr. Food Sci., 22, 335–344, 2017.
Jimoh, A. A., Ayuba, U., Ibitoye, E. B., Raji, A. A., and Dabai, Y. U.: Gut health maintenance in broilers: comparing potential of honey to antibiotic effects on performance and clostridial counts, Nig. J. Anim. Prod., 44, 106–113, 2017.
Kaleta, E. F. and Siegmann, O.: Comparative studies on the demonstration of hemagglutinating inhibiting and virus neutralizing antibodies after vaccination against Newcastle disease, Arch. Geflu., 35, 79–83, 1971.
Kamboh, A. A., Memon, A. M., Mughal, M. J., Memon, J., and Bakhetgul, M.: Dietary effects of soy and citrus flavonoid on antioxidation and microbial quality of meat in broilers, J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr., 102, 235–240, 2018.
Kim, D. H., Han, S. M., Choi, Y. S., Kang, H. K., Lee, H. G., and Lee, K. W.: Effects of dietary bee venom on serum characteristic, antioxidant activity and liver fatty acid composition in broiler chickens, Korean J. Poult. Sci., 46, 39–46, 2019.
Lamb, G. N.: CIBA-Geigy, in: Kenya: Manual of veterinary technician, edited by: G. M. Lamb, 92–109, ISBN 978-0112409182, 1981.
Mandal, A. B., Yadav, A. S., Johri, T. S., and Pathak, N. N.: Nutrition and disease management of poultry, International Book Distribution Co, Lucknow, India, 12–370, ISBN 10 8181890167, 2004.
Memon, S. S., Kamboh, A. A., Leghari, I. H., and Leghari, R. A.: Effect of in ovo and post-hatch administration of honey on the immunity and intestinal microflora of growing chickens, J. Anim. Feed Sci., 28, 346–353, 2019.
NRC: Nutrient Requirements of Poultry, 9th revised edn., The National Academies Press, Washington, DC, https://doi.org/10.17226/2114, 1994.
Obaia, A. R.: Prediction equation for water consumption of broiler chickens, J. Soil Sci. Agric. Eng. Mansoura Univ., 6, 903–910, 2015.
Obun, C. O., Yahaya, M. S., Olafadehan, O. A., Kehinde, A. S., Allison, D. S., Yusuf, A. M., and Farouk, I. U.: Dietary value of honey and its effects on abdominal fat deposit, blood and serum profile of finisher broiler chicks, J. Agric. Fores. Soc. Sci., 6, 1–
7, 2008.
Obun, C. O., Yahaya, M. S., Olafadehan, O. A., Kehinde, A. S., Adeyemi, O. A., Farouk, I. U., and Allison, D. S.: Effect of honey-flavoured diets on the performance and relative organ weights of finisher broiler chickens, Niger Soc Anim Prod, 38, 64–72, 2010.
Oke, O. E., Sorungbe, F. O., Abioja, M. O., Oyetunji, O., and Onabajo, A. O.: Effect of different levels of honey on physiological, growth and carcass traits of broiler chickens during dry season, Acta Agric. Slovenica, 108, 45–53, 2016.
Prakatur, I., Miskulin, M., Pavic, M., Marjanovic, K., Blazicevic, V., Miskulin, L., and Domacinovic, M.: Intestinal morphology in broiler chickens supplemented with propolis and bee pollen, Animals, 9, 3010, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9060301, 2019.
Reitman, S. and Frankel, S. A.: A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases, J. Clin. Path., 28, 56, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/28.1.56, 1957.
Salas, C., Ekmay, R. D., England, J., Cerrate, S., and Coon, C. N.: Determination of chicken body composition measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Int. J. Poult. Sci., 11, 462–468, 2012.
SAS Institute: SAS/STAT User's Guide, release 9.1, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC 27513, ISBN 10 1599946197, ISBN 13 978 1599946190, 2003.
Schalm, O. W.: Veterinary hematology. The Pig: Normal hematology with comments on response to disease, 4th edn., Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia, 523, ISBN 10 0812109422, ISBN 13 978 0812109429, 1986.
Sidney, P. G. and Barnard, R.: Improved manual spectrophotometric procedure for determination of serum triglycerides, Clin. Chem., 19, 1077–1078, 1973.
Solayman, M. D., Islam, M. A., Paul, S., Ali, Y., Khalil, I., Alam, N., and Gan, S. H.: Physicochemical properties, minerals, trace elements, and heavy metals in honey of different origins: A comprehensive review, Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 15, 219–233, 2016.
Stefanis, C., Stavropoulou, E., Giorgi, E., Voidarou, C., Constantinidis, T. C., Vrioni, G., and Tsakris, A.: Honey's antioxidant and antimicrobial properties: a bibliometric study, Antioxidants, 12, 414, https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020414, 2023.
Taha, E.-K. A.: Chemical composition and amounts of mineral elements in honey bee-collected pollen in relation to botanical origin, J. Apic. Sci., 59, 75–81, 2015.
Taha, E.-K. A., Al-Jabr, A. M., and Al-Kahtani, S. N.: Honeybees, bee-collected pollen and honey as monitors of environmental pollution at an industrial cement area in Saudi Arabia, J. Kansas Entomol. Soc., 90, 1–10, 2017.
Taha, I. M., Ismail, K. A., Sami, R., Aljumayi, H., Alshehry, G., Algarni, E., Aljumayi, A., Alshahrani, M. Y., Asseri, T. A. Y., Alsharari, Z. D., Baakdah, F., and Taha, E.-K. A.: Bee pollen, an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent for beef sausage, J. Biobased Mater. Bioenergy, 18, 31–38, 2024.
Trinder, P.: Enzymatic calorimetric method for estimation of uric acid, Ann. Clin. Biochem., 6, 24–27, 1969.
White, J. W., Reithof, M. H., Sucers, M. H., and Kushnir, J.: Composition of American honeys, Tech Bull USDA, 1261, https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.170887, 1962.
Williams, C. L., Tabler, G. T., and Watkins, S. E.: Comparison of broiler flock daily water consumption and water-to-feed ratios for flocks grown in 1991, 2000–2001, and 2010–2011, J. Appl. Poult. Res., 22, 934–941, 2013.
