Bovine mastitis, a prevalent and complex infectious disease, can result in significant dairy cattle losses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulating innate and adaptive immune responses. The results in this paper show that the expression of miR-144-5p and miR-130b-5p in mastitis-infected mammary tissue was significantly downregulated and upregulated, respectively, compared to healthy tissue. Our findings may provide a method for the treatment of mastitis.